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Industrial and manufacturing buildings frequently have sawtooth roofs, with their glazing used as the main light source. Sawtooth roofs are most effective when used in a series of three ridges, which creates an attractive jagged effect. Sawtooth roofs have a series of ridges with dual pitches either side, with glazing on the steeper sides to let as much light as possible into the building. Versions of hip roofs include half-hip roofs, which have one gable on which the upper point has been replaced by a small hip to square off the top, and tented roofs, which have steeply pitched slopes that rise to a peak.Ĭanadian studio MacKay-Lyons Sweetapple designed holiday homes with large hip roofs for a resort island in Ontario's Muskoka region, above. They are more resistant to wind damage than gabled roofs, but also more difficult to build. Historically, hip roofs were common in Italy, while today they can be seen on bungalows and cottages and are often used in American houses. Hip roofs have sides that all slope down towards the walls, with sloped rather than vertical ends, and have no gables. US firm Carney Logan Burke Architects built the gambrel-roofed home called The Barn, above, in rural Wyoming using reclaimed wood. Like gambrel roofs, mansard roofs have a lower slope that is steeper than the upper. While they are similar to gambrel roofs, mansard roofs are four-sided, as opposed to two-sided. They have the advantage of a sloped roof that lets rain and snow slide off it, but provide more headroom inside the top floor than sloped roofs do. Gambrel roofs also feature vertical gable ends. The lower slope is steeper than the upper and overhangs the facade. Often seen on barns, gambrel roofs are symmetrical two-sided roofs that have two slopes on each side. These are vaults in which all the groins are covered by ribs or diagonal ribs.Īnother example of vaulted roofs is fan vaults, an English late Gothic type of construction that has equidistantly-spaced ribs that together resemble a fan.Ĭhilean architecture studio Edward Rojas Arquitectos designed Casa Abovedada (top image), which means Vaulted House, from three vaulted volumes, while Casa Monopoli in Argentina (above) has a vaulted brick roof. Other types of vaulted roofs include groin vaults, which are formed by the intersection of at least two more barrel vaults, and rib vaults. The most common type, the barrel vault, was first built by the Sumerians and was also used in ancient Egypt. Vaults are self-supporting arched forms that do not need a framework below, with their distinctive shape often also making for decorative ceilings. In the US, architecture studio Side Angle Side created the gabled Casa Casey for an architecture photographer. Studio Alexander Martin Architects used two gables when designing Claygate House, pictured, which was informed by the 19th-century Arts and Crafts movement. Houses can be front-gabled, meaning the gable faces the street, or side-gabled, when the gutter and the ridge of the gable are parallel with the street. Gabled roofs are often used in residential architecture, and their triangular shape has become a visual shorthand for "house". They are common in both Europe and North America. Gabled roofs are made from two slopes that together form a triangular shape, and have been used for buildings since temples in ancient Greece. Other recent projects with single-pitch roofs include a Kengo Kuma-designed student hub and an aquatics centre in the French Alps. Historically, single-pitch were common as they allow rain and snow to easily run off. Single-pitch roofs form the basis of many other shapes of roofs that make use of multiple slopes, such as gabled roofs. Here, an oversized sloped roof is supported by large wooden beams to protect the interiors. These have only one slope, as seen in FujiwaraMuro's project House in Gakuenmae, above. One of the most common roof shapes are single-pitch roofs. The design style is often found in buildings in warmer climates, where the roofs can be used as an additional living space.įlat roofs can be constructed from a wide range of materials, including masonry, concrete and brick, while flat steel roofing sheets are often used for industrial buildings.Īrchitecture studio Manuel Cervantos Estudio added a flat roof to Hill House (pictured), a vacation home that is partly sunken into the ground. Many modernist buildings have flat roofs that complement their streamlined geometric design, and they are also characteristic of traditional Arabic, Egyptian and Persian houses. Flat roofs are commonly used for warehouses and commercial buildings, but there are also a number of residential designs that incorporate flat roofs.
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